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                "title": "Releasing a Board for Manufacture",
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                        "*": "{{guide| authors=Sasha Maldonado ({{slack-user|smaldonado}})}}\n\nAll done with your PCB? Time to get it sent out for manufacturing and to order components and a stencil!\n\n==Wait, What? I Thought I Was Done!==\n\n[[File:whatisagerber.png|thumb|200px|right|A snippet from a Gerber file. They contain configuration instructions and a list of points (note the \"XY\" coordinates on the lower lines) for production equipment to \"draw\" shapes on each layer of a board.]]\nPCB manufacturers require special files in order to actually make circuit boards. These files describe where to place and remove copper on each layer of the board, where to drill holes, and where to expose copper and draw artwork on the outsides of the board. There are several different formats that manufacturers will accept; for SSI's leading manufacturer ([https://bayareacircuits.com Bay Area Circuits], one of our oldest and most supportive sponsors), we export '''Gerber files''', which are machine-readable descriptions of what should be manufactured on each layer of the board. You'll also export a plain text file with coordinates for drilled holes (and what size drill bit to drill them with). These are the files required for a manufacturer like Bay Area Circuits to actually create a PCB.\n\nYour PCB, however, will ship from the manufacturer without any components attached. If, as in most cases, you're assembling a board yourself, you'll (usually) need two additional things: components, which we generally buy from [https://digikey.com Digikey] (but sometimes elsewhere, as needed - see [[Recommended PCB Component Suppliers]] if you're curious); and a stencil to help apply solder paste to your board for attaching components, which we usually buy from [https://oshstencils.com OSHStencils]. Digikey accepts Excel spreadsheets specifying the type and number of components needed to build your board, and OSHStencils uses aforementioned Gerber files to laser cut either polyimide ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapton Kapton]) film or thin stainless steel.\n\nTo recap, you will need three things:\n# A collection of Gerber files (and a text file) to send to Bay Area Circuits (or another PCB manufacturer)\n# A smaller collection of Gerber files to send to OSHStencils\n# An Excel spreadsheet (called a Bill of Materials, or BoM) to upload to Digikey (or manually order from other vendors)\n\nLuckily, we have a system for producing all of the above! Enter the '''outjob'''.\n\n== SSI.OutJob ==\n\n[[File:outjobadded.png|thumb|200px|right|A project with an outjob correctly added to it.]]\n\nThere are a number of things to configure to get Altium to correctly output Gerbers and other files. These have been fortunately taken care of and saved in a special Altium file called an '''outjob'''. You'll need to add the outjob file to your project (as if it were a schematic file), and will then be able to output files for fabrication with a couple of clicks.\n\nMaster copies of the outjobs are in the SVN at {{svn-repo|altium-core/libraries/outjobs}}. Outjobs are also automatically included in the PCB project templates at {{svn-repo|altium-core/libraries/templates}}. If you didn't start from a project template (doing so next time will make your life easier), '''make a copy''' of the outjob you want to use and paste it into your project folder. Making a copy is important so that your project doesn't break on other people's computers or as people update the master copies of the outjobs (which your board may not be properly configured for). '''Make sure to pick the outjob that correspond's with your board's layer count. SSI.OutJob is for 2-layer boards, and SSI-4-LAYER.OutJob is for 4-layer boards. Picking the wrong outjob may result in your board coming back without the inner layers it should have or with two extra inner layers.''' Once you've copied the outjob, in the Projects pane in Altium, right click your project and select \"Add Existing to Project\" and in the window that comes up, select your copy of the outjob. You should now see a \"Settings\" folder under your project in the Projects pane with an \"Output Jobs\" folder within it (see right).\n\nOnce you have the outjob in your project and are ready to export files, open the outjob by double-clicking on it from the Projects pane. This will produce a screen like the first one below:\n\n<gallery mode=\"slideshow\" widths=750px>\nFile:outjob.png|(1 of 2) OutJob configured for all outputs\nFile:outjob_no_BOM.png|(2 of 2) OutJob configured to skip BoM generation\n</gallery>\n\n[[File:outputfiles.png|thumb|200px|right|An example \"Fabrication Outputs\" folder.]]\n\nThis outjob has the \"Generate Manufacturing Files\" option selected on the right side and has all three outputs - Gerbers, a drill file, and an Excel bill of materials - enabled. From here, either click the \"Generate content\" button under \"Generate Manufacturing Files\" or hit the F9 key, and Altium will produce output files (yes, it is that simple!). Outputs will be placed in your project folder inside of a new subfolder called \"Fabrication Outputs.\" Generating all of the output files takes generally about 1 minute.\n\nIf you're in a hurry (BoM generation takes about 75% of the output file generation time) or for some other reason just want to generate Gerber and drill files and not an Excel BoM, you can disable BoM generation by clicking the little numbered circle in the Bill of Materials row. Your screen will look like the second image in the above slideshow with BoM generation disabled. To reenable BoM generation, just click the circle again.\n\nOnce your fabrication outputs have been generated, find the new Fabrication Outputs folder and open it in your file browser. Add this folder to the SVN and commit it. You'll see a collection of files like the one shown at the right (with a different base name but the same file extensions). You care about the following files:\n* [board].GTL - your board's top copper layer\n* [board].GTS - your board's top soldermask layer, which defines what copper is exposed and solderable\n* [board].GTO - your board's top silkscreen layer, which will appear as the printed artwork on the top side\n* [board].GTP - your board's top solder paste layer, which will not be used to make the board but is needed for stencils\n* ''[board].G1 (4-layer only)'' - your board's internal layer 1 (closer to the top side)\n* ''[board].G2 (4-layer only)'' - your board's internal layer 2 (closer to the bottom side)\n* [board].GBL - your board's bottom copper layer\n* [board].GBS - your board's bottom soldermask layer\n* [board].GBO - your board's bottom silkscreen layer\n* [board].GBP - your board's bottom solder paste layer\n* [board].TXT - your board's drill file\n* [board].GM32 (sometimes [board].GKO) - your board's outline file\n* Bill of Materials-[board].xls\n\nYou can safely ignore all of the other files (i.e. [board].apr), which are generated automatically and can't be suppressed but are not needed to manufacture a board.\n\nFor fabrication, you'll need to create a ZIP file containing all of the above files, except for the GTP/GBP files and the Excel spreadsheet (.xls). Make sure you specifically check the file extensions; several text files will be generated but there will only be one [board].txt file, which is your drill file. Give the ZIP a presentable, descriptive name that ends with \"Gerbers\" - it's going to be sent to a manufacturer. Also make sure you add the ZIP specifically to SVN so there's a record of exactly what was sent to the manufacturer.\n\n== Putting It All Together ==\n\nWe'll now describe specifically how to get each of the three things you need to assemble your board.\n\n=== PCB Fabrication ===\n''This guide assumes you're ordering from Bay Area Circuits. For other manufacturers, the DfM process will be different, though you will still ultimately provide your manufacturer with your ZIP of Gerber files''\n\nThe first step in getting your board ordered is a manufacturability check, to verify you have all of the required files and the manufacturer can read them and actually make the board they describe. Bay Area Circuits (BAC) has a Design for Manufacturability (DfM) tool that automatically reads and interprets fabrication ZIPs to make sure the boards have a full set of files and can be built. Go to the [http://instantdfm.bayareacircuits.com InstantDfM] page and follow the instructions to upload your fabrication ZIP. Once you submit, you'll have to wait usually around 10 minutes (shorter for simpler boards, longer for more complicated/four-layer boards) for processing. You'll be emailed a link when your board has finished being evaluated. The link will go to a page like the first below:\n\n<gallery mode=\"slideshow\" widths=750px>\nFile:InstantDfM.png| (1 of 2) Passing DfM results.\nFile:InstantDfMfail.png| (2 of 2) DfM missing a file and failing manufacturability checks.\n</gallery>\n\nThe goal is to always be within BAC's standard capabilities - this minimizes the risk of manufacturing errors and shortens production time. Small deviations (like the 0.01 mil deviation shown) come from rounding errors during the Altium export process and can be safely ignored. If truly necessary, features requiring the advanced capabilities can be produced; however this should be avoided if possible. The Altium design rules included in the template projects are designed to keep projects within BAC's standard capabilities.\n\nThe second image in the above slideshow shows a failing DfM check. There are two major issues: first, no board outline file was included in the fabrication ZIP, meaning that BAC doesn't know what shape of board to cut. Errors like this are easy to fix by uploading a new ZIP file with all of the required files and running DfM again. Second, a hole on an inner layer does not have a copper ring, meaning that a trace on that layer won't make a good electrical connection to the hole. This is a serious issue that needs to be fixed in the design before the board is manufactured.\n\nIf your board meaningfully fails DfM for design reasons, you will need to fix the error in Altium and then repeat the outjob and DfM process. This can take some time, particularly if there are multiple issues, so make sure to budget time for DfM ('''especially the first time you release a board'''). In industrial applications, for complicated boards, it's not unheard of for a design team to spend a week verifying manufacturability; SSI designs usually pass within a few hours, and less than an hour if there are no serious problems on the first attempt.\n\nOnce you have a ZIP that passes DfM, download the InstantDfM PDF report and add it into your fabrication ZIP (to show BAC that a passing DfM was run on that board). Commit that final ZIP to the SVN, and then message {{slack-channel|altium}} asking for your board to be released and with a link to your ZIP. The SSI BAC contact will give your board a final once-over and then send it out for manufacture - either that same day or as part of the next batch. Once that's done, your board is out of your hands! It'll be back in your hands in physical form in about a week. Congratulations!\n\n=== Ordering Components ===\n''This is generally a time-consuming process; [[BOMSquad]] is in development to simplify it but at present there's a decent amount of manual labor involved. Make sure you allocate time accordingly''\n\nOpen your BoM Excel file (in either Excel or Google Sheets).\n\n=== Ordering a Stencil ===\n\n[[Category:Altium]]"
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                "pageid": 458,
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                "title": "Richard David - NewSpace Global",
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                        "*": "[[Category: Operations]]\n\nLearn more about NewSpace Global on [http://newspaceglobal.com/ their website]\n\n''Originally posted on SSI's first website in 2012:''\n\nOn Monday October 22nd, the Student Spaceflight Initiative hosted Richard David, CEO and Co-founder of New Space Global, at Stanford. Mr. Richard eloquently discussed the burgeoning commercial space industry, known as New Space, his company\u2019s role as the hub for financial information on New Space, and his belief of Stanford being, well, \u201cthe Stanford of New Space.\u201d\n\nGrowing up with an uncle who worked on Apollo, Mr. David quickly developed a fascination with space, but like many others, was disappointed by the state of the aerospace industry in the 1990s and instead joined the finance world as a lawyer. His fascination with space and new technology was rekindled with SpaceShipOne\u2019s successful attempt at the Ansari X-prize in 2004. Many regard that flight as the start of New Space, a term used to describe private for-profit companies who are making serious efforts to utilize outer space. Excited with the New Space movement, Mr. David left his job to start New Space Global (NSG), a financial tracking firm based in New York dedicated to monitoring the top companies in New Space and satisfying the demand for information on this budding field.\n\nFor Mr. David, the idea that New Space is the next big thing is a no brainer: 8 million people watched the Youtube video of the Red Bull Stratos launch, SpaceX became the first commercial company to resupply the International Space Station with the successful launch of its Dragon Capsule, and Blue Origin successfully tested their suborbital Crew Capsule escape system, all in the same month. \u201cSpaceX,\u201d he says, \u201chas added over 1200 new jobs during one of the hardest economic climates in history\u201d \u2013 a fact he states to the audience with enthusiasm. Coupled with the continued progress of companies like Virgin Galactic, XCOR, and Germany\u2019s launch of human cancer cells on a Chinese launch last year, it\u2019s clear that in-space manufacturing, microgravity research, and space tourism have huge market potential, with benefits and applications on Earth.\n\nAnd based on NSG\u2019s research New Space has been growing steadily since 2004; however, it hasn\u2019t taken off like a \u201chockey stick.\u201d The reason, in Mr. David\u2019s opinion, is the absence of institutional investment due to a lack of understanding surrounding the market and that\u2019s where NSG comes in. NSG\u2019s fundamental goal is to educate investors, government agencies, companies, universities, students, and more on the economic potential of New Space so that they not only want to support the field, but know how to do so. The company aims to accomplish these using three products: its indices, monthly Thruster report, and New Space Watch website. NSG tracks over 300 companies around the world and based on a refined 50 question algorithm, creates a list of the top companies in New Space (the NSG 100, PTC, RE, and OTB) based on proprietary information collected from its vast network- telling both job seekers and investors where the action is happening. The purpose of the monthly Thruster magazine is to provide industry insight through interviews with company executives and articles from around the world reporting on major events in New Space. And for the most up-to-date information, there\u2019s New Space Watch, an information hub on all aspects of New Space \u2013 and as Mr. David said it best, \u201cyou won\u2019t find computer animations here, only photos of hardware and people because we want readers to understand that New Space is real.\u201d \n\nDuring his talk, Mr. David gave several pieces of advice to an audience of aspiring space entrepreneurs; build up to your big ideas incrementally, work with the Business school and the d.school and most importantly learn salesmanship. Mr. David pointed out that Elon Musk has worked on several successful companies before founding SpaceX and his experience building top management teams is as important as technical excellence; while on launch day all eyes are on the engineers, getting to that point required relentless salesmanship from the executives at SpaceX. Mr. David also emphasized that given Stanford\u2019s location and background, an interdisciplinary group connecting alumni, students, and this burgeoning industry can become the hub that this growing industry needs. As Mr. David put it, \u201cAbout 550 people have been to space- that\u2019s bull\u2026 What we need is, well, a Stanford of New Space- and you\u2019ve already got the name.\u201d"
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